8th Maths 9.4

Chapter 9

Algebraic Expressions and Identities

NCERT Class 8th solution of Exercise 9.1 

NCERT Class 8th solution of Exercise 9.2

NCERT Class 8th solution of Exercise 9.3

NCERT Class 8th solution of Exercise 9.5

Exercise 9.4

Q1. Multiply the binomials.
i) `(2x + 5) text{ and } (4x - 3)`
ii) `(y - 8) text{ and } (3y - 4)`
iii) `(2.5l - 0.5m) text{ and } (2.5l + 0.5m)`
iv) `(a + 3b) text{ and }(x + 5}`
v) `(2pq + 3q^2) text{ and }(3pq - 2q^2)`
vi) `(3/4a^2 + 3b^2) text{ and }4(a^2 - 2/3b^2)`


i) `(2x + 5) text{ and } (4x - 3)`
`text{Sol.}`
`=(2x+5)times(4x-3)`
`=2x(4x-3)+5(4x-3)`
`=2x times 4x - 2x times 3+5times4x-5times3`
`=8x^2-6x+20x-15`
`=8x^2+14x-15`
`text{Answer:}`
`=8x^2+14x-15`

ii) `(y - 8) text{ and } (3y - 4)`
`text{Sol.}`
`=(y - 8)times(3y - 4)`
`=y(3y-4)-8(3y-4)`
`=ytimes3y-ytimes4-8times3y+8times4`
`=3y^2-4y-24y+32`
`=3y^2-28y+32`
`text{Answer:}`
`=3y^2-28y+32`

iii) `(2.5l - 0.5m) text{ and } (2.5l + 0.5m)`
`text{Sol.}`
`=(2.5l - 0.5m)times(2.5l + 0.5m)`
`=2.51(2.51+0.5m)-0.5m(2.51+0.5m)`
`=2.5l times 2.5l + 2.5l times 0.5m - 0.5m times 2.5l``-0.5m times 0.5m`
`=6.25l^2+1.25ml-1.25ml-0.25m^2`
`=6.25l^2-0.25m^2`
`text{Answer:}`
`=6.25l^2-0.25m^2`

iv) `(a + 3b) text{ and }(x + 5}`
`text{Sol.}`
`=(a + 3b)times(x + 5)`
`=a(x+5)+3b(x+5)`
`=a times x + a times 5+3b times x + 3btimes5`
`=ax+5a+3bx+15b`
`text{Answer:}`
`=ax+5a+3bx+15b`

v) `(2pq + 3q^2) text{ and }(3pq - 2q^2)`
`text{Sol.}`
`=(2pq + 3q^2)times(3pq - 2q^2)`
`=2pq(3pq-2q^2)+3q^2(3pq-2q^2)`
`=2pq times 3pq - 2pq times 2q^2 + 3q^2 times 3pq`` -3q^2 times 2q^2`
`=6p^2q^2-4pq^3+9pq^3-6q^4`
`=6p^2q^2+5pq^3-6q^4`
`text{Answer:}`
`=6p^2q^2+5pq^3-6q^4`

vi) `(3/4a^2 + 3b^2) text{ and }4(a^2 - 2/3b^2)`
`text{Sol.}`
`=(3/4a^2 + 3b^2)times4(a^2 - 2/3b^2)`
`=3/4a^2 times 4(a^2-2/3b^2)+3b^2times4(a^2-2/3b^2)`
`=3a^2times a^2 - 3a^2 times 2/3b^2 + 12b^2 times a^2 ``-12b^2times2/3b^2`
`=3a^4-2a^2b^2+12a^2b^2-8b^4`
`text{Answer:}`
`=3a^4-2a^2b^2+12a^2b^2-8b^4`

Q2. Find the product.
i) `(5 - 2x)(3 + x)`
ii) `(x + 7y)(7x - y)`
iii) `(a^2 + b)(a + b^2)`
iv) `(p^2 - q^2)(2p + q)`

i) `(5 - 2x)(3 + x)`
`text{Sol.}`
`=(5 - 2x)times(3 + x)`
`=5(3 + x)-2x(3 + x)`
`=5times3 +5timesx-2x times 3 -2x timesx`
`=15+5x-6x-2x^2`
`=15-x-2x^2`
`text{Answer:}`
`=15-x-2x^2`

ii) `(x + 7y)(7x - y)`
`text{Sol.}`
`=(x + 7y)times(7x - y)`
`=x(7x - y)+7y(7x - y)`
`=x times 7x - x times y + 7y times 7x - 7y times y`
`=7x^2-xy+49xy-7y^2`
`=7x^2+48xy-7y^2`
`text{Answer:}`
`=7x^2+48xy-7y^2`

iii) `(a^2 + b)(a + b^2)`
`text{Sol.}`
`=(a^2 + b)(a + b^2)`
`=a^2(a + b^2)+b(a + b^2)`
`=a^2timesa +a^2 timesb^2 +b times a + b timesb^2`
`=a^3+a^2b^2+ab+b^3`
`text{Answer:}`
`=a^3+a^2b^2+ab+b^3`


iv) `(p^2 - q^2)(2p + q)`
`text{Sol.}`
`=(p^2 - q^2)(2p + q)`
`=p^2(2p + q)-q^2(2p + q)`
`=p^2times2p+p^2q-q^2times2p-q^2 timesq`
`=2p^3+p^2q-2pq^2-q^3`
`text{Answer:}`
`=2p^3+p^2q-2pq^2-q^3`

Q3. Simplify.
i) `(x^2 - 5)(x + 5) + 25`
ii) `(a^2 + 5)(b^3 + 3) + 5`
iii) `(t + s^2)(t^2 - s)`
iv) `(a + b)(c - d) + (a - b)(c + d) + 2(ac + bd)`
v) `(x + y)(2x + y) + (x + 2y)(x - y)`
vi) `(x + y)(x^2 - xy + y^2)`
vii) `(1.5x - 4y)(1.5x + 4y + 3) - 4.5x + 12y`
viii) `(a + b + c)(a + b - c)` 

i) `(x^2 - 5)(x + 5) + 25`
`text{Sol.}`
`=(x^2 - 5)(x + 5) + 25`
`=x^2(x+5)-5(x+5)+25`
`=x^3+5x^2-5x-25+25`
`=x^3+5x^2-5x`
`text{Answer:}`
`=x^3+5x^2-5x`

ii) `(a^2 + 5)(b^3 + 3) + 5`
`text{Sol.}`
`=(a^2 + 5)(b^3 + 3) + 5`
`=a^2(b^3+3)+5(b^3+3)+5`
`=a^2b^3+3a^2+5b^3+15+5`
`=a^2b^3+3a^2+5b^3+20`
`text{Answer:}`
`=a^2b^3+3a^2+5b^3+20`

iii) `(t + s^2)(t^2 - s)`
`text{Sol.}`
`=(t + s^2)(t^2 - s)`
`=t(t^2 - s)+s^2(t^2-s)`
`=t^3-st+s^2t^2-s^3`
`text{Answer:}`
`=t^3-st+s^2t^2-s^3`

iv) `(a + b)(c - d) + (a - b)(c + d) + 2(ac + bd)`
`text{Sol.}`
`=(a + b)(c - d) + (a - b)(c + d) + 2(ac + bd)`
`=a(c - d)+b(c-d) + a(c + d)-b(c+d)`` + 2(ac + bd)`
`=ac-ad+bc-bd+ac+ad-bc-bd``+2ac+2bd`
`=2ac-2bd+2ac+2bd`
`=4ac`
`text{Answer:}`
`=4ac`

v) `(x + y)(2x + y) + (x + 2y)(x - y)`
`text{Sol.}`
`=(x + y)(2x + y) + (x + 2y)(x - y)`
`=x(2x+y)+y(2x+y)+x(x-y)``+2y(x-y)`
`=2x^2+xy+2xy+y^2+x^2-xy+2xy-2y^2`
`=3x^2+4xy-y^2`
`text{Answer:}`
`=3x^2+4xy-y^2`

vi) `(x + y)(x^2 - xy + y^2)`
`text{Sol.}`
`=(x + y)(x^2 - xy + y^2)`
`=x(x^2-xy+y^2)+y(x^2-xy+y^2)`
`=x^3-x^2y+xy^2+x^2y-xy^2+y^3`
`=x^3+y^3`
`text{Answer:}`
`=x^3+y^3`

vii) `(1.5x - 4y)(1.5x + 4y + 3) - 4.5x + 12y`
`text{Sol.}`
`=(1.5x - 4y)(1.5x + 4y + 3) - 4.5x + 12y`
`=1.5x(1.5x+4y+3)-4y(1.5x+4y+3)-4.5x+12y`
`=2.25x^2+6.0xy+4.5x-6.0xy-16y^2-12y-4.5x+12y`
`=2.25x^2-16y^2`
`text{Answer:}`
`=2.25x^2-16y^2`

viii) `(a + b + c)(a + b - c)` 
`text{Sol.}`
`=(a + b + c)(a + b - c)`
`=a(a+b-c)+b(a+b-c)+c(a+b-c)`
`=a^2+ab-ac+ab+b^2-bc+ac+bc-c^2`
`=a^2+2ab+b^2-c^2`
`=a^2+b^2-c^2+2ab` 
`text{Answer:}`
`=a^2+b^2-c^2+2ab` 

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